Відмінності між версіями «Глосарій до курсу "Спецсемінар з науково-технічного перекладу"»
Матеріал з Вікі ЦДУ
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| + | * '''Transformation''' - a change performed in the process of translation so that the text in the target language would be equivalent to the text in the source language. Transformations are largely of three types: lexical? grammatical and mixed. | ||
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| + | * '''Lexical tranformation''' - a tranformation performed at the level of word. | ||
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| + | * '''Grammatical tranformation''' - a tranformation performed at the level morphology or syntax. | ||
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| + | * '''Specification''' - a lexical tranformation of substituting words with a wider meaning with words on a narrower meaning. | ||
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| + | * '''Generalization''' - a lexical tranformation of substituting words of a narrower meaning with those of a wider meaning. | ||
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| + | * '''Lexical substitution''' - putting one word in place of another. It often results from the different semantic structures of the source language and target language words. | ||
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| + | * '''Compensation''' - a deliberate introduction of some additional element In the target text to make up for the loss of a similar element in the source text. The main reason for this transformation is a vocabulary lacuna in the target language. | ||
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| + | * '''Grammar substitution''' - a grammatical tranformation when a grammar category of the translated unit is changed. Thus? for instance, a passive construction can be translated by an active voice verb form. | ||
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| + | * '''Word order change''' - usually the reason for this transformation is that English and Ukrainian sentences have different information structures, or functional sentence perspective. | ||
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| + | * '''Sentence partitioning''' - is the replacement of a simple sentence in the source text with a complex sentence (with some clauses), or a complex sentence with several independent sentences in the target text for structural, semantic or stylistic reasons. | ||
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| + | * '''Sentence integration''' - is a contrary transformation. It takes place when \vc make one sentence out of two or more, or convert a complex sentence into a simple one. | ||
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| + | * '''Explicatory translation (addition)''' - that is, rewording the meaning into another structure so that the receptor will have a better understanding of the phrase. Sometimes this transformation is named as explicitation, defined as the technique of making explicit in the target text information that is implicit the source text. This transformation is often accompanied by the extension of the structure, the addition of new elements. | ||
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| + | * '''Reduction (omission, implicitation)''' - is giving up redundant communicatively irrelevant words. The reduction is a must if a source language expresses the notion by a phrase and the target language compresses the idea in one word. There is a general tendency of the English language to laconic and compressed expressions as compared with Ukrainian. | ||
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| + | * '''Integral transformation''' - is the replacement of a set phrase with another structure that has the same speech function. | ||
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| + | * '''Antonymic translation''' - is describing the situation by the target language from the contrary angle. It can be done through antonyms. The reason for this transformation is the lack of a one-word translation equivalent to the word inferiority. | ||
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[[Навчальний курс "Науково-технічний переклад" | Повернутися до курсу]] | [[Навчальний курс "Науково-технічний переклад" | Повернутися до курсу]] | ||
Поточна версія на 11:37, 20 листопада 2016
- Transformation - a change performed in the process of translation so that the text in the target language would be equivalent to the text in the source language. Transformations are largely of three types: lexical? grammatical and mixed.
- Lexical tranformation - a tranformation performed at the level of word.
- Grammatical tranformation - a tranformation performed at the level morphology or syntax.
- Specification - a lexical tranformation of substituting words with a wider meaning with words on a narrower meaning.
- Generalization - a lexical tranformation of substituting words of a narrower meaning with those of a wider meaning.
- Lexical substitution - putting one word in place of another. It often results from the different semantic structures of the source language and target language words.
- Compensation - a deliberate introduction of some additional element In the target text to make up for the loss of a similar element in the source text. The main reason for this transformation is a vocabulary lacuna in the target language.
- Grammar substitution - a grammatical tranformation when a grammar category of the translated unit is changed. Thus? for instance, a passive construction can be translated by an active voice verb form.
- Word order change - usually the reason for this transformation is that English and Ukrainian sentences have different information structures, or functional sentence perspective.
- Sentence partitioning - is the replacement of a simple sentence in the source text with a complex sentence (with some clauses), or a complex sentence with several independent sentences in the target text for structural, semantic or stylistic reasons.
- Sentence integration - is a contrary transformation. It takes place when \vc make one sentence out of two or more, or convert a complex sentence into a simple one.
- Explicatory translation (addition) - that is, rewording the meaning into another structure so that the receptor will have a better understanding of the phrase. Sometimes this transformation is named as explicitation, defined as the technique of making explicit in the target text information that is implicit the source text. This transformation is often accompanied by the extension of the structure, the addition of new elements.
- Reduction (omission, implicitation) - is giving up redundant communicatively irrelevant words. The reduction is a must if a source language expresses the notion by a phrase and the target language compresses the idea in one word. There is a general tendency of the English language to laconic and compressed expressions as compared with Ukrainian.
- Integral transformation - is the replacement of a set phrase with another structure that has the same speech function.
- Antonymic translation - is describing the situation by the target language from the contrary angle. It can be done through antonyms. The reason for this transformation is the lack of a one-word translation equivalent to the word inferiority.
